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1.
Before 1934

The Jewish section of the M.O.I.

2.
1934 - 1939

Against Fascism | Outbreak of War

3.
Jan 1940 - Sept 1940

The Occupation | Creation of “Solidarity”

4.
Sept 1940 - June 1941

State Antisemitism | Responses

5.
June - August 1941

Armed resistance

6.
August - Oct 1941

Execution of hostages

7.
Oct - Dec 1941

Persecutions | The Resistance

8.
Jan–Jul 1942

Vel’ d’Hiv Roundup | The FTP-M.O.I.

9.
July 1942 - Feb 1943

Rescue of Jewish Children


10.
August 1942 - May 1943

Stalingrad | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

11.
1943

Creation of the UJRE

12.
Jan 1943 - Mar 1944

Repression | The Major Surveillance Operations

13.
Apr 1943 - March 1944

Unification of the Resistance

14.
Apr - Sep 1944

Insurrection and Liberation

15.
Oct 1944 - Nov 1945

End of the War | Reconstruction

See all the museum's galeries
HALL 4 - State Antisemitism | Responses
Sept. 1940 – June 1941

4. State-sponsored anti-Semitism | Responses

The Nazi flag flying over the Opera House during the Occupation of Paris.

German soldiers sitting at a café terrace on a Parisian boulevard.

Farber Sczmulek

Identity Checks in Paris (1940–1945).

Robert Endewelt explains that the Jewish section of the M.O.I. was part of the national Resistance.

“Green Ticket” roundup on May 14, 1941. Summons issued to Chonko W., a Polish Jew who arrived in France in 1930. The arrested men were gathered at the Japy Gymnasium in Paris. Memorial plaque unveiled in May 2021.

“Concentration” record for Abram Kreps, a Polish Jew, following the issuance of the “green ticket.”

Internment record (May 14, 1941) for Abram Kreps at the Pithiviers camp, barrack 10.

Green Card Roundup

The trial of the 44 Communist deputies (March 20–April 3, 1940), who were sentenced to imprisonment by a military court.

Foreign Jews were taken to the Austerlitz train station in Paris on May 14, 1941, from where they were sent to the camps at Pithiviers and Beaune-la-Rolande (Loiret).

On May 14, 1941, foreign Jews living in the 11th arrondissement were summoned to the Japy Gymnasium via the “green notice” for a “status review.”

The roundup of foreign Jews in Paris (the “green ticket” roundup, May 14, 1941): German soldiers and officers, gendarmes, and civilians on the platform at Austerlitz Station, before their departure for the Pithiviers camp.

The roundup of foreign Jews in Paris on May 14, 1941: They were loaded onto trains at Austerlitz Station bound for the camps in the Loiret, under the guard of French gendarmes and German soldiers.

French Police in Vichy

An internment system was in place as early as 1939. Beginning in 1941, in the occupied zone, internment camps (or transit camps) were used to hold foreign Jews arrested by the French police on German orders.

Internment camps, transit camps

Arrived at the Pithiviers camp on May 15, 1941, as part of a convoy of foreign Jewish men coming from Paris following the “green ticket” roundup.

Registration by the gendarmes upon arrival at the Pithiviers camp (Loiret) on May 14, 1941.

Nir Frajolla, a Polish Jew, volunteered for the Foreign Legion and was detained in Pithiviers in 1941–42.

Camps in the Loiret, transit camps

View of the Beaune-la-Rolande camp (Loiret), an internment camp for Jews beginning in May 1941.

General view of the Pithiviers camp (Loiret) in 1941.

The interior of a barrack at the Pithiviers camp (1941).