End of the War | Reconstruction

After the Allied landings in Normandy on June 6, 1944, the war continued for nearly a year until the Liberation. Germany was caught in a pincer movement between Allied troops in the West (notably the Americans) and in the East (the Soviets). In January 1945, as the Soviets approached, the Nazis hastily evacuated the Auschwitz […]

Charles de Gaulle, leader of“Free France” in 1940, a symbol of the Resistance abroad, and head of the GPRF, acted on several fronts: internationally, by drawing closer to the USSR to avoid American influence; and in France, by minimizing the influence of communists and foreigners. Nor do the Provisional Government and its successors mention the role […]

The Jews involved in the Jewish section of the M.O.I. had particularly strong organizations at their disposal, such as “ “Solidarité ” andthe UJRE, which organized their fight against Nazism and its collaborators politically, technically, and logistically. Because their struggle was conducted in secret, the exact number of resistance fighters is unknown. From the moment war […]

Entire families have disappeared; others have been decimated. Some genocide survivors choose to become activists in the French Communist Party or in various progressive and socially oriented parties. Others return to their home countries in the hope of building socialism there. But anti-Semitism persists there, and many, feeling disappointed, will leave… After the restoration of […]