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1.
Before 1934

The Jewish section of the M.O.I.

2.
1934 - 1939

Against Fascism | Outbreak of War

3.
Jan 1940 - Sept 1940

The Occupation | Creation of “Solidarity”

4.
Sept 1940 - June 1941

State Antisemitism | Responses

5.
June - August 1941

Armed resistance

6.
August - Oct 1941

Execution of hostages

7.
Oct - Dec 1941

Persecutions | The Resistance

8.
Jan–Jul 1942

Vel’ d’Hiv Roundup | The FTP-M.O.I.

9.
July 1942 - Feb 1943

Rescue of Jewish Children


10.
August 1942 - May 1943

Stalingrad | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

11.
1943

Creation of the UJRE

12.
Jan 1943 - Mar 1944

Repression | The Major Surveillance Operations

13.
Apr 1943 - March 1944

Unification of the Resistance

14.
Apr - Sep 1944

Insurrection and Liberation

15.
Oct 1944 - Nov 1945

End of the War | Reconstruction

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Photos

Downtown Stalingrad on February 2, 1943, after the German surrender. The Volga River is visible in the background.

Postcards of the Bobigny train station, near Drancy, from where convoys departed for concentration and extermination camps in Eastern Europe.

The interior of a barracks at the Buchenwald concentration camp.

Convoy routes based on the convoy schedules established on November 1. 1943.

Jews being loaded onto cattle cars bound for a death camp in Westerbork (Netherlands).

In May 1944, Hungarian Jews who had been deported arrived at Auschwitz-Birkenau. In just eight weeks, nearly 424,000 of them were massacred.

Auschwitz-Birkenau: On the “ramp,” the SS selected the deportees upon their arrival at the camp.

Auschwitz-Birkenau: After the selection, Hungarian Jewish women and children were led to the gas chambers (May 27, 1944).

One of the crematorium buildings at Auschwitz-Birkenau (1943).

Containers of various sizes, Zyklon tablets, and Zyklon discs used in the gas chambers at Auschwitz.

Crematorium at the Majdanek extermination camp (Poland).

Electrified barbed-wire fences surrounding the Auschwitz camp.

Nazi system for marking deportees: yellow star (Jews), red triangle (political prisoners), green (common criminals), blue (emigrants and stateless persons), black (anti-social elements, prostitutes, lesbians), brown (Gypsies), purple (Jehovah’s Witnesses), pink (homosexuals).

Deported to perform forced labor in one of the Auschwitz kommandos (1942 or 1943).

Deportees tasked with sorting through the belongings of those exterminated at Auschwitz

World Congress of Yiddish Culture. Banner: “Welcome to the First World Congress of Yiddish Culture.” Sign on the left: “Let’s join forces for Yiddish culture.” September 1937.

Fighters from the Warsaw Ghetto captured by the Germans (May 1943). Caption in German: “These bandits defended themselves with weapons.”

A Jewish home devastated during the pogrom in Kichinev (Chisinau), Bessarabia (present-day Moldova), on April 6 and 7, 1903.

Five of the 49 victims of the 1903 pogrom in Kichinev (Chisinau), Bessarabia (now Moldova).

In Vilna (Vilnius) before 1920. On the top sign, in Yiddish: “Newspaper Kiosk,” and below that, in large letters: *Le Monde Juif*.

Photograph: “After the Odessa Pogrom” (October 18–21, 1905), in Russia.

The bodies of the victims of the 1906 Bialystok pogrom in the courtyard of the Jewish hospital (Poland under Russian Occupation; now in Belarus).

Children who were victims of a pogrom carried out by Symon Petliura’s Ukrainian nationalists in 1919.

Menahem Beilis stands among Tsarist police officers before his trial: he is accused of committing a “ritual murder.” His trial in 1913 sparked outrage against the Russian Empire’s anti-Semitic policies.