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1.
Before 1934

The Jewish section of the M.O.I.

2.
1934 - 1939

Against Fascism | Outbreak of War

3.
Jan 1940 - Sept 1940

The Occupation | Creation of “Solidarity”

4.
Sept 1940 - June 1941

State Antisemitism | Responses

5.
June - August 1941

Armed resistance

6.
August - Oct 1941

Execution of hostages

7.
Oct - Dec 1941

Persecutions | The Resistance

8.
Jan–Jul 1942

Vel’ d’Hiv Roundup | The FTP-M.O.I.

9.
July 1942 - Feb 1943

Rescue of Jewish Children


10.
August 1942 - May 1943

Stalingrad | Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

11.
1943

Creation of the UJRE

12.
Jan 1943 - Mar 1944

Repression | The Major Surveillance Operations

13.
Apr 1943 - March 1944

Unification of the Resistance

14.
Apr - Sep 1944

Insurrection and Liberation

15.
Oct 1944 - Nov 1945

End of the War | Reconstruction

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Photos

Secular and Progressive Youth in the Wilno Area, May 29, 1931.

Jews with Marxist leanings in Vilnius, 1931.

A group of scouts from Hashomer Hatzaïr (“The Young Guard”), a left-wing Zionist youth movement (founded in 1913), in Grodno (Belarus) in 1920.

Sholem Asch, a Yiddish-language writer and journalist (1880–1957) born in Poland.

A wooden synagogue, built in the 18th century and destroyed by the Nazis. Jeziory (Ozery) near Grodno in Belarus.

Jews butchers at the market in Lowicz (Poland), in 1915.

A banner of the Bund (founded in 1897 in Vilna, Lithuania, under Russian rule) during the 1905 Revolution. In Yiddish: “Down with the tsarist constitution! Long live the democratic republic.”

A Bund demonstration in 1917 commemorating the 1905 Revolution. The banner reads: “Long live the democratic republic! Long live international socialism! Long live the Union of Jewish Socialist Workers!”

The Jewish quarter of Lwów, Poland, before Passover in 1931 (now Ukraine).

Eugeniusz Zac (1884–1926), known as Eugène Zak—School of Paris—“Self-Portrait,” 1911.

Łódź (Lodz), Poland—then part of Russia—the “Polish Manchester”: Izrael Kalmanowicz Poznański’s textile factories on Ogrodowa Street.

Moïse Kisling (1891–1953) – School of Paris – “Woman with a Shawl, Young Polish Woman,” 1928.

Louis Marcoussis, born Ludwik Kazimierz Władysław Markus (1878–1941) — School of Paris — “The Harbor Bar,” 1913.

Chaïm Soutine (1893–1943) – School of Paris – “Les Maisons,” 1920–1921.

“La Maison Haarscher,” the first Jewish bakery, founded in 1851 on Rue des Rosiers in Paris (4th arrondissement). 1938.

Tapestry workshop on Rue Oberkampf (11th arrondissement, Paris) in 1930.

Skolni men’s tailor shop on Rue Marcadet in Paris (18th arrondissement). 1920.

Two men in the Marais district of Paris in April 1933, standing in front of a poster advertising a rally in solidarity with persecuted Jews in Germany.

A street scene in front of a watermelon vendor in the Jewish quarter of Paris, before 1939.

Rue des Rosiers in the Jewish quarter of Paris, before 1939.

View of Rue des Hospitalières-St-Gervais in the Jewish quarter of Paris, 1933–1939.

L’International Restaurant in Belleville, on Rue Louis-Bonnet, in 1920

Rue des Rosiers, Paris (4th arrondissement), 1938.

A Jewish grocery store in the Jewish quarter of Paris, 1933–1939.