{"id":17012,"date":"2024-06-17T10:12:00","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T08:12:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/the-dreyfus-affair\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T16:35:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T14:35:41","slug":"the-dreyfus-affair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/the-dreyfus-affair\/","title":{"rendered":"The Dreyfus Affair"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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A major political crisis during the Third Republic, the Dreyfus Affair involved a French officer of Jewish faith in a spy scandal: he was wrongfully accused of passing secret documents to Germany.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The Third Republic faced political and economic crises and governmental instability, compounded by the trauma of Germany\u2019s annexation of Alsace and Moselle (1871). This context fueled the most extreme forms of nationalism and anti-Semitism, which were stoked by an influential press. <\/p>

As early as November 1, 1894, *La Libre Parole*<\/em>, Edouard Drumont\u2019s daily newspaper\u2014which made anti-Semitism its main cause\u2014ran the headline \u201cArrest of Jewish Officer Dreyfus,\u201d accused of treason in favor of Germany. On December 22, 1894, Dreyfus was convicted by a court-martial after a three-day trial held behind closed doors, based on \u201cevidence\u201d kept secret, which would later be proven to be forged. In January 1895, Alfred Dreyfus was stripped of his rank and exiled to Devil\u2019s Island off the coast of French Guiana. <\/p>

The press picked up on the story; little by little, France became divided between Dreyfusards and anti-Dreyfusards, and anti-Semitism ran rampant.<\/p>

On January 13, 1898, the writer \u00c9mile Zola published an open letter in the daily newspaper L\u2019Aurore<\/em> addressed to the President of the Republic, F\u00e9lix Faure, titled \u201cJ\u2019accuse,\u201d in which he sought to establish \u201cthe truth, first and foremost, about the trial and conviction of Dreyfus.\u201d<\/p>

On June 3, 1899, Dreyfus was brought before the Court-Martial in Rennes and left Devil\u2019s Island. In September, he was once again found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. Ten days later, President \u00c9mile Loubet signed his pardon. <\/p>

On July 12, 1906, the Court of Cassation overturned the 1899 verdict and declared*: \u201cNothing remains of the charges brought against Dreyfus.\u201d It issued a ruling exonerating Captain Dreyfus. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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References:<\/strong><\/p>

– Pierre Birnbaum, 1994, *The Dreyfus Affair: The Republic in Peril*<\/em>, Gallimard, \u201cD\u00e9couvertes\u201d series. <\/p>

– Jean-Denis Bredin, 1981, *L\u2019Affaire*<\/em>, Fayard, Paris. <\/p>

*Decision of the Court of Cassation dated July 12, 1906.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A major political crisis during the Third Republic, the Dreyfus Affair involved a French officer of Jewish faith in a spy scandal: he was wrongfully accused of passing secret documents to Germany. The Third Republic faced political and economic crises and governmental instability, compounded by the trauma of Germany\u2019s annexation of Alsace and Moselle (1871). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[209],"salle":[202],"source":[],"zone-geo":[],"class_list":["post-17012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","tag-anti-semitism","salle-1-2-the-universalist-and-secular-ideal-of-jewish-immigrants-from-eastern-europe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17012"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17014,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17012\/revisions\/17014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17012"},{"taxonomy":"salle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/salle?post=17012"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=17012"},{"taxonomy":"zone-geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone-geo?post=17012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}