{"id":17010,"date":"2024-06-17T10:14:34","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T08:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/red-poster\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T16:35:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T14:35:13","slug":"red-poster","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/red-poster\/","title":{"rendered":"Red Poster"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Titled \u201cThe Army of Crime,\u201d the \u201cRed Poster\u201d features medallion-style portraits of 10 FTP-M.O.I. members accused of terrorism and sentenced to death during the trial of the \u201c23\u201d on February 19, 1944. It would become a symbol of the commitment of foreigners to the Resistance in France. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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The urban guerrilla warfare successfully waged in Paris by the FTP-M.O.I. instilled a sense of insecurity among the occupying forces and boosted the morale of the population. Beginning in 1942, the Special Brigades of the Prefecture of Police (BS), in collaboration with German security services, targeted the M.O.I.\u2019s political and military Resistance organizations. <\/p>

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The third BS surveillance operation (July\u2013November 1943) led to 68 arrests. These 68 Resistance fighters were handed over by French police to the Occupation authorities. Forty-five were deported to Germany. For the remaining 23, the Germans decided to stage a high-profile trial. <\/p>

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The downfall of the FTP-M.O.I. also extended to the FTPF. Forty French Resistance fighters were arrested in December 1943. Their trial was separated from that of the M.O.I. in order to mount a xenophobic and anti-Semitic campaign centered on the \u201cRed Poster.\u201d The press announced the trial of \u201c23 Jews and foreign terrorists\u201d at the Continental Hotel. This trial lasted only one day (a single hearing) on February 19, 1944, but lengthy reports were published for four consecutive days through Tuesday, February 23\u2014two days after the condemned were executed. <\/p>

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The Propagandastaffel (the German propaganda office), in collaboration with the Vichy authorities, wants to give the impression that a genuine, lengthy trial is taking place, during which all the defendants have the opportunity to speak.<\/p>

The German military court sentences the \u201c23\u201d to death. A red poster is plastered on every wall in France\u2019s major cities. Distributed as leaflets and brochures, it is intended to discredit the Resistance, which is portrayed as an army of \u201cJews and immigrants who are terrorists and are in the pay of England and the Russian Bolsheviks.\u201d Of the 23 resistance fighters, half are Jews and identified as such; photos of seven of them appear on the poster, which becomes a symbol of the foreign Resistance to Nazism: Grywacz, a Polish Jew; Elek, a Hungarian Jew; Wasjbrot, a Polish Jew; Witchitz, a Hungarian Jew; Fingerweig, a Polish Jew; Boczov, a Hungarian Jew; Rajman, a Polish Jew. <\/p>

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The 23 men were executed by firing squad on February 21, 1944, at Mont-Val\u00e9rien. Golda (Olga) Bancic, the only woman, was transferred to Stuttgart, where she was beheaded on May 10, her 32nd birthday. <\/p>

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In 1955, a street named \u201cRue du Groupe Manouchian\u201d was inaugurated in Paris\u2019s 20th arrondissement, named after the (Armenian) military leader of the FTP-M.O.I. in Paris, whose portrait appears on the \u201cAffiche rouge.\u201d<\/p>

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The poet Louis Aragon wrote \u201cStrophes pour se souvenir,\u201d which was published on the front page of *L’Humanit\u00e9* on <\/em>March 6 , <\/em>1955. The poem ends with these lines: <\/p>

23 foreigners\u2014and yet our brothers<\/em><\/p>

23 People Who Love Life to Death<\/em><\/p>

23 who were shouting, \u201cFrance is falling<\/em>!\u201d<\/p>

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The 23<\/strong><\/p>

They were inducted into the Panth\u00e9on (along with Joseph Epstein) alongside M\u00e9lin\u00e9e and Missak Manouchian on February 21, 2024. A plaque commemorates the names of these 23 companions of Manouchian. <\/p>

Celestino Alfonso, Spanish<\/p>

Olga Bancic, a Romanian Jew<\/p>

Joseph Boczov, a Hungarian Jew<\/p>

Georges Cloarec, French<\/p>

Rino Della Negra, French<\/p>

Thomas Elek, a Hungarian Jew<\/p>

Maurice Fingercwajg, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Spartaco Fontanot, Italian<\/p>

Jonas Geduldig, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Emeric Glasz, a Hungarian Jew<\/p>

L\u00e9on Goldberg, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Szlama Grzywacz, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Stanislas Kubacki, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Cesare Luccarini, Italian<\/p>

Missak Manouchian, Armenian<\/p>

Armenak Arpen Manoukian, Armenian,<\/p>

Marcel Rajman, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Roger Rouxel, French<\/p>

Antoine Salvadori, Italian<\/p>

Willy Schapiro, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Amedeo Usseglio, Italian<\/p>

Wolf Wajsbrot, a Polish Jew<\/p>

Robert Witchitz, French<\/p>

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Reference:<\/strong><\/p>

Rayski Adam, 2009,\u201cL\u2019Affiche Rouge<\/em>.\u201d Published by the City of Paris. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Titled \u201cThe Army of Crime,\u201d the \u201cRed Poster\u201d features medallion-style portraits of 10 FTP-M.O.I. members accused of terrorism and sentenced to death during the trial of the \u201c23\u201d on February 19, 1944. It would become a symbol of the commitment of foreigners to the Resistance in France. The urban guerrilla warfare successfully waged in Paris […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"salle":[208],"source":[],"zone-geo":[],"class_list":["post-17010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","salle-12-2-dissolution-of-the-jewish-section-of-the-m-o-i"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17010","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17010"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17010\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17011,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17010\/revisions\/17011"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17010"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17010"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17010"},{"taxonomy":"salle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/salle?post=17010"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=17010"},{"taxonomy":"zone-geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone-geo?post=17010"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}