{"id":17006,"date":"2024-06-17T10:14:47","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T08:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/the-three-major-spinning-mills\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T16:35:11","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T14:35:11","slug":"the-three-major-spinning-mills","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/the-three-major-spinning-mills\/","title":{"rendered":"The Three Major Spinning Mills"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The \u201cSpecial Brigades,\u201d a division of the police\u2019s General Intelligence Service, were established in March 1940 but did not truly expand until 1941 and 1942. Their mission: to track down \u201cFrance\u2019s internal enemies\u201d (the Resistance fighters). The BS were primarily tasked with suppressing the Communist Resistance. BS units were present in all major French cities. <\/p>


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   They were initially made up of volunteers, generally police officers who were members of collaborationist parties. Faced with recruitment difficulties, young police officers were brought in to bolster the ranks. <\/p>


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   The largest BS units operate in the Paris region and are responsible for the three major surveillance operations that are wreaking havoc on the Jewish section of the M.O.I.<\/p>


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The first roundup<\/em><\/strong> began in January 1943 and ended on March 18, 1943. It targeted the organization of young Jewish communists. Fifty-seven young people were arrested and deported to Auschwitz. <\/p>


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The second operation<\/em><\/strong> targeted the political wing of the M.O.I., which it dismantled and destroyed. The crackdown began on April 22, 1943, and ended in late June. Seventy-one Resistance fighters were arrested, tortured, executed, or deported, including virtually all members of the Jewish detachment. <\/p>


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Finally, the third surveillance operation<\/em><\/strong> focused on the Parisian FTP-M.O.I. It began on July 26, 1943, and ended in November. The official number of arrests was 56 fighters. <\/p>\n

The three major surveillance operations carried out by the \u201cSpecial Brigades\u201d led to the arrest of 196 Resistance fighters, including 21 women, and to the deadly dismantling of the FTP-M.O.I. <\/p>


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   In February 1944, a \u201cred poster\u201d plastered on the walls of Paris portrayed members of the 3rd Filature Resistance group\u2014mostly Jewish immigrants\u2014as murderers.<\/p>\n

Missak Manouchian, an Armenian, is considered the leader of the \u201cgroup.\u201d<\/p>


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   The aim of this three-pronged operation was the total and irreversible destruction of the Jewish section of the M.O.I. and of all communist Resistance fighters, whether Jews or not; however, in a leaflet distributed in March 1944, the Union of Jews for Resistance and Mutual Aid (UJRE) reaffirmed its position: despite torture and despite death, to continue the fight alongside the French people.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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References:<\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 Rayski Adam: *L\u2019Affiche Rouge*.<\/em> Paris City Hall<\/p>

\u2014 St\u00e9phane Courtois, Denis Peschanski, Adam Rayski, 1989, *Le Sang de l\u2019\u00e9trange*, Fayard <\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The \u201cSpecial Brigades,\u201d a division of the police\u2019s General Intelligence Service, were established in March 1940 but did not truly expand until 1941 and 1942. Their mission: to track down \u201cFrance\u2019s internal enemies\u201d (the Resistance fighters). The BS were primarily tasked with suppressing the Communist Resistance. BS units were present in all major French cities. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[],"salle":[208],"source":[],"zone-geo":[],"class_list":["post-17006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","salle-12-2-dissolution-of-the-jewish-section-of-the-m-o-i"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17006"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17007,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17006\/revisions\/17007"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17006"},{"taxonomy":"salle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/salle?post=17006"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=17006"},{"taxonomy":"zone-geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone-geo?post=17006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}