{"id":16956,"date":"2024-06-17T10:12:49","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T08:12:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/united-resistance-movements-mur\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T16:30:46","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T14:30:46","slug":"united-resistance-movements-mur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/united-resistance-movements-mur\/","title":{"rendered":"United Resistance Movements (MUR)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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The United Resistance Movements (MUR) were founded on January 26, 1943, following the German invasion of the southern zone, known as the \u201cFree Zone.\u201d Led by Jean Moulin, the MUR resulted from the merger of the three major non-communist Resistance groups in the South: \u201cCombat,\u201d \u201cFranc-Tireur,\u201d and \u201cLib\u00e9ration.\u201d <\/p>

To increase their effectiveness, in December 1943, three movements from the northern zone joined the MUR: \u201cD\u00e9fense de la France,\u201d \u201cResistance,\u201d and \u201cLorraine.\u201d The National Liberation Movement (MLN) was born. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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   At the initiative of General de Gaulle, represented by Jean Moulin, the three major internal Resistance movements in southern France began to unite. Their founders were Henri Frenay, for \u201cCombat\u201d;Emmanuel d\u2019Astier de La Vigerie, for \u201cLib\u00e9ration\u201d; and Jean-Pierre L\u00e9vy, for \u201cFranc-Tireur.\u201d<\/span> <\/p>\n

On January 26, 1943, the merger was completed. The newly formed United Resistance Movements (MUR) were led by Jean Moulin and operated clandestinely from Lyon. <\/p>\n

   <\/p>

   The MURs are organized into sectors, the main ones being:<\/p>\n

\u2014 the \u201cSecret Army\u201d (AS), formed by merging the paramilitary units of \u201cCombat,\u201d \u201cFranc-tireur,\u201d and \u201cLib\u00e9ration\u201d under the leadership of a Directorate composed of Jean Moulin, Henri Frenay, Emmanuel d\u2019Astier, and Jean-Pierre L\u00e9vy.<\/p>\n

\u2014 infiltrating the public administration (NAP) and setting up a service to produce fake documents, finding safe houses, carrying out acts of solidarity\u2026<\/p>\n

Differences over which strategies to adopt led to sharp divisions among the members of the Executive Committee; relations with \u201cFree France\u201d\u2014General de Gaulle\u2019s overseas Resistance group\u2014were fraught with conflict, but Jean Moulin nevertheless managed to rally everyone\u2019s efforts.<\/p>


<\/p>\n

   Moulin founded the CNR on May 27, 1943, and included in it, in addition to the MUR, two labor unions (the CGT and the CFTC) and several political parties, ranging from the Communists to the Republican Right; the MUR\u2019s influence began to wane.<\/p>


<\/p>\n

   In December 1943, three Resistance movements from the northern zone (\u201cD\u00e9fense de la France,\u201d \u201cR\u00e9sistance,\u201d and \u201cLorraine\u201d) joined the MUR. Together, they formed the National Liberation Movement (MLN). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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References:<\/strong><\/p>

\u2014 Henri Nogu\u00e8res, 1972, *History of the Resistance in France*<\/em>, Vol. 3. Published by Robert Laffont <\/p>

\u2014 Michel Henri, 1958, *Combat: History of a Resistance Movement from July 1940 to July 1943<\/em>*. Presses Universitaires de France. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The United Resistance Movements (MUR) were founded on January 26, 1943, following the German invasion of the southern zone, known as the \u201cFree Zone.\u201d Led by Jean Moulin, the MUR resulted from the merger of the three major non-communist Resistance groups in the South: \u201cCombat,\u201d \u201cFranc-Tireur,\u201d and \u201cLib\u00e9ration.\u201d To increase their effectiveness, in December 1943, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[198],"salle":[197],"source":[],"zone-geo":[],"class_list":["post-16956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-notes","tag-resistance","salle-10-1-organization-of-the-armed-struggle-throughout-the-country"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16956"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16958,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16956\/revisions\/16958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16956"},{"taxonomy":"salle","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/salle?post=16956"},{"taxonomy":"source","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/source?post=16956"},{"taxonomy":"zone-geo","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/zone-geo?post=16956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}