{"id":16578,"date":"2024-05-16T11:09:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T09:09:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/musee\/armed-resistance\/2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance\/"},"modified":"2026-06-22T15:48:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:48:35","slug":"2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance","status":"publish","type":"musee","link":"https:\/\/www.museemrjmoi.com\/en\/musee\/armed-resistance\/2-armed-resistance-civil-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"2 – Armed Resistance, Civil Resistance"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Faced with the mounting threats from Hitler,the USSR<\/a> andthe Communist International<\/a> shifted their stance. As early as April 1941, the conflict was no longer portrayed as an imperialist war<\/a> that pitted France and Great Britain against each other in the face of their common enemy, Nazi Germany. <\/p>

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In France, following Germany\u2019s invasion of the USSR, the Communists resumed their direct struggle against fascism<\/a>. Initially, they had focused on the anti-P\u00e9tain struggle, but from that point on, they denounced Nazi fascism with increasing clarity. <\/p>

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The Vichy government<\/a> handed the French economy over to the occupying forces during the Occupation. The country, facing supply difficulties, is becoming increasingly critical of the government.<\/p>

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In June 1941, the Germans, with the assistance of the French police, arrested the \u201cCommunist agitators\u201d: approximately 1,300 people were sent to internment camps<\/a>.<\/p>

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The Communists are gradually making their priority clear: the armed Resistance<\/a>.<\/p>

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Many Jews who immigrated were among the first to join the Party\u2019s Organisation Sp\u00e9ciale<\/a> (OS) groups, which were created in October 1940. OS fighters carried out dangerous attacks and acts of sabotage (particularly against railway facilities) against the occupying forces. <\/p>

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On July 1, a German freight train derailed in Noisy-le-Grand following an operation by Jewish Resistance fighters from the OS.<\/p>

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Other Jews, who were members of the Communist Youth<\/a>, quickly became involved in the Youth Battalions, which<\/a> were formed in July\u2013August 1941 after the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was broken.<\/p>

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Acts of civil Resistance<\/a>\u2014which were also dangerous\u2014accompanied acts of sabotage and armed struggle: chalk inscriptions on walls expressing hostility toward Vichy and the Occupiers, providing safe houses or false papers, collecting money, and distributing newspapers or leaflets<\/a>.<\/p>

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Leaflets served several purposes: to demonstrate the existence and tenacity of the Resistance, to inform, to recruit, to train new fighters, and to keep morale high.<\/p>

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Official information is in the hands of the occupying forces and the P\u00e9tainists<\/a>, and the Germans are seeking to silence any voice opposed to Hitler\u2019s policies.<\/p>

<\/p>

From that point on, the underground Jewish press proved to be of vital importance. The newspapers *Unzer Wort*<\/a><\/em> and *Notre Voix*<\/em> or *Notre Parole*<\/em> never ceased publication until the Liberation. <\/p>

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The safety guidelines they regularly remind people of are sometimes difficult for young activists to follow strictly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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